Bìol. Tvarin, 2019, volume 21, issue 1, pp. 7–13

HEMATOLOGICAL CHANGES AND RESISTANCE OF ERYTHROCYTES OF HORSES IN RESPONSE TO 32 KM RACES

A. Andriichuk1, H. Tkachenko2, I. Tkachova1, I. Matiukha3

This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

1Institute of Animal Science NAAS,
3 7th Gvardiyskoi Armii str., Kulynychi, Kharkiv region, Kharkiv district, 62404, Ukraine

2Institute of Biology and Environmental Protection, Pomeranian University in Słupsk,
22b Arciszewski str., Słupsk 76-200, Poland, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

3Institute of Animal Biology NAAS,
38 Stusa str., Lviv 79034, Ukraine

The objective of the present study was to investigate the alterations of some hematological parameters (hematocrit (HCT), hemoglobin concentration (HGB), the count of red blood cells (RBC), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), red cell distribution width (RDW), as well as resistance of erythrocytes to urea and hydrogen peroxide in horses after 32 km endurance race. Seven horses from Crimea region (Bilohirsk, Crimean region) were involved in this study. Endurance horses used in this study are trained and conditioned to perform over long distances at moderate speeds. The prolonged exercises were used in endurance race. The walk about 3 km/h for 20 min, the trot about 7 km/h for 15 min, and the canter about 5 km/h for 15 min) and the walk about 1 km were repeated for 1 h (phase I); rest in an outdoor paddock without access to water for 30 min. And phase II: the walk about 3 km/h for 20 min, the trot about 7 km/h for 15 min, and the canter about 5 km/h for 15 min) and the walk about 1 km was repeated for 1 h.

The results of the present study showed that adequate endurance race of low intensity could improve oxygen-dependent respiratory function in horses from Crimean region. Furthermore, the non-significant increase of red blood cells indices in endurance horses indicate about good athletic level after 32 km endurance ride. Statistically significant differences in the percentage of hemolyzed erythrocytes between pre- and post-ride period were observed and thereby signifying an oxidative stress-dependent impairment of erythrocyte stability.

Keywords: ENDURANCE RIDE, ENDURANCE HORSES, HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS, RESISTANCE OF ERYTHROCYTES, EXERCISE

  1. Adamu L., Abdullah R., Ahmad B. Alterations in biochemical, hematological and physical parameters in endurance horses with metabolic crisis. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 2012, vol. 11, issue 22, pp. 4108–4114. https://doi.org/10.3923/javaa.2012.3431.3436
  2. Adamu L., Adzahan N. M., Abdullah R., Ahmad B. Effect of race distance on physical, hematological and biochemical parameters of endurance horses. American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 2010, vol. 5, issue 4, pp. 244–248. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2010.244.248
  3. Al-Qudah K. M., Al-Majali A. M. Higher lipid peroxidation indices in horses eliminated from endurance race because of synchronous diaphragmatic flutter (thumps). Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 2008, vol. 28, issue 10, pp. 573–578. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2008.08.007
  4. Andriichuk A., Tkachenko H., Kurhaluk N. Gender differenced of oxidative stress biomarkers and erythrocyte damage in well-trained horses during exercises. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 2014, vol. 34, issue 8, pp. 978–985. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2014.05.005
  5. Andriichuk A., Tkachenko H., Łukaszewicz J., Kurhaluk N., Tkachova I. Physical condition of horses from recreational Crimean and Pomeranian regions. In: Globalizacja a problematyka ochrony środowiska, sci. ed. by T. Noch, J. Saczuk, A. Wesołowska. Gdańsk, Wydawnictwo Gdańskiej Wyższej Szkoły Administracji, 2014, pp. 314–361.
  6. Bailey D. M., Davies B. Physiological implications of altitude training for endurance performance of sea level: a review. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 1997, vol. 31, issue 3, pp. 183–190. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.31.3.183
  7. Bergero D., Assenza A., Caola G. Contribution of our knowledge of the physiology and metabolism of endurance horses. Livestock Production Science, 2005, vol. 92, issue 2, pp. 167–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livprodsci.2004.11.019
  8. Cappelli K., Verini-Supplizi A., Capomaccio S., Silvestrelli M. Analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells gene-expression in endurance horses by cDNA-AFLP technique. Research in Veterinary Science, 2007, vol. 82, issue 3, pp. 335–343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2006.08.009
  9. Çimen M. Y. B. Free radical metabolism in human erythrocytes. Clinica Chimica Acta, 2008, vol. 390, issue 1–2, pp. 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2007.12.025
  10. Cywińska A., Szarska E., Kowalska A., Ostaszewski P., Schollenberger A. Gender difference in exercise-induced intravascular haemolysis during race training in thoroughbred horses. Research in Veterinary Science, 2011, vol. 90, issue 1, pp. 133–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2010.05.004
  11. Desplanches D., Hoppeler H., Linoissier M. T., Denis C., Claassen H., Dormois D., Lacour J. R., Geyssant A. Effects of training in normoxia and normobaric hypoxia on human muscle on ultra-structure. Pflügers Archiv, 1993, vol. 425, issue 3–4, pp. 263–267. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00374176
  12. Devi S. A., Subramanyam M. V. V., Vani R., Jeevaratnam K. Adaptations of the antioxidant system in erythrocytes of trained adult rats: Impact of intermittent hypobaric-hypoxia at two altitudes. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 2005, Part C, vol. 140, pp. 59–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2005.01.003
  13. Favier R., Spielvogel H., Desplanches D., Ferretti G., Kayser B., Grunenfelder A., Leuenberger M., Tuscher L., Caceres E., Hoppeler H. Training in hypoxia vs training in normoxia in high-altitude natives. Journal of Applied Physiology, 1995, vol.  78, issue 6, pp. 2286–2293. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1995.78.6.2286
  14. Gondim F. J., Zoppi C. C., Silveira L. S., Pereira-da-Silva L., de Macedo D. V. Possible relationship between performance and oxidative stress in endurance horses. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 2009, vol. 29, issue 4, pp. 206–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2009.02.006
  15. Gzhegotskyi M., Kovalchuk S., Panina L., Terletska O., Mysakovets O. Method for determination of erythrocyte membranes peroxide resistance and its informativeness under physiological conditions and at intoxication of organism. Experimental and Clinical Physiology and Biochemistry, 2004, vol. 3, pp. 58–64. (in Ukrainian)
  16. Hanzawa K., Hiraga A., Yoshida Y., Hara H., Kai M., Kubo K., Watanabe S. Effects of exercise on plasma haptoglobin composition in control and splenectomized thoroughbred horses. Journal of Equine Science, 2002, vol.  13, issue 3, pp. 89–92. https://doi.org/10.1294/jes.13.89
  17. Inoue Y., Matsui A., Asai Y., Aoki F., Matsui T., Yano H. Effect of exercise on iron metabolism in horses. Biological Trace Element Research, 2005, vol.  107, issue 1, pp. 33–42. https://doi.org/10.1385/BTER:107:1:033
  18. Kamyshnikov V. S. Reference book on clinic and biochemical researches and laboratory diagnostics. Moscow, MEDpress-inform, 2009, 589 p. (in Russian)
  19. Laitinen H., Alopaeus K., Heikkinen R., Hietanen H., Mikkelsson L., Tikkanen H., Rusko H. Acclimatization to living in normobaric hypoxia and training at sea level in runners. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 1995, vol. 27, issue 5, p. 109. https://doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199505001-00617
  20. Muñoz A., Riber C., Trigo P., Castejón F. Erythrocyte indices in relation to hydration and electrolytes in horses performing exercise if different intensity. Comparative Clinical Pathology, 2008, vol. 17, issue 4, pp. 213–220. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-008-0738-y
  21. Murakami M. Haemolysis observed in continuous long distance running exercise in horses. Experimental Reports in Equine Health Laboratory, 1974, vol. 11, pp. 120–127.
  22. Petibois C., Déléris G. Erythrocyte adaptation to oxidative stress in endurance training. Archives of Medical Research, 2005, vol. 36, issue 5, pp. 524–531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2005.03.047
  23. Piccione G., Giannetto C., Fazio F., di Mauro S., Caola G. Haematological response to different workload in jumper horses. Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 2007, vol. 10, issue 4, pp. 21–28.
  24. Rodríguez F. A., Ventura J. L., Casas M., Casas H., Pagés T., Rama R., Ricart A., Palacios L., Viscor G. Erythropoietin acute reaction and haematological adaptations to short, intermittent hypobaric hypoxia. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2000, vol. 82, issue 3, pp. 170–177. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004210050669
  25. Satué K., Hernández A., Muñoz A. Physiological Factors in the Interpretation of Equine Hematological Profile. In: Hematology — Science and Practice. Ed. by Dr. Charles Lawrie. InTech, 2012. https://doi.org/10.5772/38961
  26. Schott H. C., Hodgson D. R., Bayly W.M. Haematuria, pigmenturia and proteinuria in exercising horses. Equine Veterinary Journal, 1995, vol. 27, issue 1, pp. 67–72. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1995.tb03035.x
  27. Smith J. A. Exercise, training and red blood cells turnover. Sports Medicine, vol. 19, issue 1, pp. 9–31. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-199519010-00002
  28. Vazzana I., Rizzo M., Dara S., Niutta P. P., Giudice E., Piccione G. Haematological changes following reining trials in Quarter Horses. Acta Scientiae Veterinari, 2014, vol. 42, issue 1, p. 1171.
  29. Wickler S. J., Anderson T. P. Hematological changes and athletic performance in horses in response to high altitude (3,800 m). American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 2000, vol. 279, issue 4, pp. R1176–R1181. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.2000.279.4.R1176
  30. Zar J. H. Biostatistical Analysis. 4th ed. New Jersey, Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, 1999, 663 p.

Download full text in PDF

gslogoICLOGO

cr

nbuv

WorldCat Logo

oa

Search