Archive

INFLUENCE OF CHLORPYRIFOS ON SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL INDICES OF DANIO RERIO

V. V. Dovhanyuk, V. P. Rosalovsky, Yu. T. Salyha

This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Institute of Animal Biology NAAS,
38 V. Stus str., Lviv 79034, Ukraine

Physiological and biochemical parameters of Danio rerio fish with toxic injury by chlorpyrifos, one of the most well-known organophosphorus compounds, an active substance of many pesticides were studied.

The studies were conducted on adult Danio rerio fishes with an average weight of 0.6 g per 10 individuals per group. To determine the toxicity of chlorpyrifos, the experimental groups of fishes were placed in 5 l aquariums for 96 hours with water in which chlorpyrifos was added in the range of concentrations of 0.375–2 mg/l. Biochemical studies were carried out in blood plasma, which was taken from fish at different concentrations and duration of exposure to the xenobiotic.

The parameters of the acute toxicity of chlorpyrifos for Danio rerio were determined. With experiment duration of 96 hours, the maximum concentration of chlorpyrifos, in which the death of D. rerio fish was not fixed, was 0.375 mg/l, the absolute lethal concentration was 2 mg/l, half-lethal concentration (LC50) was 1.23 mg/l.

Danio rerio intoxication by selected concentrations and duration of chlorpyrifos was accompanied by a decrease of cholinesterase activity in blood plasma; at the influence of chlorpyrifos at the concentration of 1 mg/l, an increase in the number of hemolysed erythrocytes was observed at 16.5 % (P<0.05), which may indicate a structural damage to the protein-lipid matrix of erythrocytes membranes, while the duration of hemolysis of erythrocytes of experimental fish compared to control did not undergo significant changes.

The obtained results prove the efficiency of the use of Danio rerio fish as a biological model for toxicological studies of organophosphorus compounds, in particular chlorpyrifos.

Keywords: CHLORPYRIPHOS, DANIO RERIO, INTOXICATION, CHOLINESTERASE, BLOOD

1. Ambali S. F., Ayo J. O., Ojo S. A., Esievo K. A. N. Vitamin E protects Wistar rats from chlorpyrifos-induced increase in erythrocyte osmotic fragility. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2010, vol. 48, issue 12, pp. 3477–3480. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2010.09.026
2. Babaei F., Ramalingam R., Tavendale A., Liang Y., Yan L. S. K., Ajuh P., Cheng S. H., Lam Y. W. Novel blood collection method allows plasma proteome analysis from single zebrafish. Journal of Proteome Research, 2013, vol. 12, issue 4, pp. 1580–1590. https://doi.org/10.1021/pr3009226
3. Burke R. D., Todd S. W., Lumsden E., Mullins R. J., Mamczarz J., Fawcett W. P., Gullapalli R. P., Randall W. R., Pereira E. F. R., Albuquerque E. X. Developmental neurotoxicity of the organophosphorus insecticide chlorpyrifos: from clinical findings to preclinical models and potential mechanisms. Journal of Neurochemistry, 2017, vol. 142, issue S2, pp. 162–177. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.14077
4. Cao F., Souders C. L. II, Li P., Pang S., Qiu L., Martyniuk C. J. Biological impacts of organophosphates chlorpyrifos and diazinon on development, mitochondrial bioenergetics, and locomotor activity in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Neurotoxicology and Teratology, 2018, vol. 70, pp. 18–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ntt.2018.10.001
5. Dudok K., Starykovych L., Rechytsky O., Shkavolyak A., Sybirna N. Role of pyrrolopyrimidinedions derivatives in the regulation of hemoglobin physical and chemical characteristics and human blood antioxidant enzymes activity in vitro. Visnyk of the Lviv University. Biology Series, 2012, issue 60, pp. 126–136. Available at: http://prima.lnu.edu.ua/faculty/biologh/wis/60/2/13/13.pdf (in Ukrainian)
6. Hertz-Picciotto I., Sass J. B, Engel S., Bennett D. H., Bradman A., Eskenazi B., Lanphear B., Whyatt R. Organophosphate exposures during pregnancy and child neurodevelopment: Recommendations for essential policy reforms. PLoS Medicine, 2018, vol. 15, issue 10, p. e1002671. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002671
7. Karpyshchenko A. I. Medical laboratory technologies. Saint Petersburg, Intermedica, 2002, vol. 1, pp. 45–46. (in Russian)
8. Kotsumbas I. Ya., Malyk O. G., Patereha I. P. Preclinical research of veterinary medicinal products. Ed. by I. Ya. Kotsumbas. Lviv, Triada plus, 2006, 360 p. (in Ukrainian)
9. Shontz E. C., Souders C. L. II, Schmidt J. T., Martyniuk C. J. Domperidone upregulates dopamine receptor expression and stimulates locomotor activity in larval zebrafish (Danio rerio). Genes, Brain and Behavior, 2018, vol. 17, issue 4, p. e12460. https://doi.org/10.1111/gbb.12460
10. Terskov I. A., Guitelzon M. I. Erythrograms as a method of clinical reserch of blood. Krasnoyarsk, Sib. dep. USSR Academy of Sciences, 1959, 246 p. (in Russian)
11. Uchendu C., Ambali S. F., Ayo J. O., Esievo K. A. N., Umosen A. J. Erythrocyte osmotic fragility and lipid peroxidation following chronic co-exposure of rats to chlorpyrifos and deltamethrin, and the beneficial effect of alpha-lipoic acid. Toxicology Reports, 2014, vol. 12, pp. 373–378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2014.07.002
12. Vlizlo V. V., Salyha Yu. T. Problems of biological safety of pesticide use in Ukraine. Visnyk of Agrarian Science, 2012, vol. 1, pp. 24–27. Available at: http://agrovisnyk.com/oldpdf/visnyk_01_2012.pdf (in Ukrainian)
13. Wang X., Shen M., Zhou J., Jin Y. Chlorpyrifos disturbs hepatic metabolism associated with oxidative stress and gut microbiota dysbiosis in adult zebrafish. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology, 2019, vol. 216, pp. 19–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpc.2018.11.010
14. Watts M. Chlorpyrifos as a possible global POP. Pesticide Action Network North America, 2012, 34 p.
15. Zhang J., Liu L., Ren L., Feng W., Lv P., Wu W., Yan Y. The single and joint toxicity effects of chlorpyrifos and beta-cypermethrin in zebrafish (Danio rerio) early life stages. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2017, vol. 334, pp. 121–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.03.055

Download full text in PDF